What does "biological control" refer to in pest management?

In pest management, biological control specifically refers to the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens to manage pest populations. This method harnesses the natural relationships within ecosystems to keep pest numbers in check without the use of synthetic chemicals. By introducing or encouraging these biological agents, such as ladybugs to control aphid populations or releasing parasitic wasps to target caterpillars, farmers and agricultural managers can reduce pest-related damage while promoting sustainability and environmental health.

Utilizing biological control is significant because it can lead to a more balanced ecosystem, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides, which may have harmful effects on non-target organisms and the environment. This practice can help maintain biodiversity and promote a more resilient agricultural system. In contrast, mechanical devices, chemical applications, and genetically modified organisms represent different approaches to pest management that do not focus on leveraging the natural biological interactions within the ecosystem.